C++ Class Templates in C++ – Hacker Rank Solution | HackerRank Programming Solutions | HackerRank C++ Solutions

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Introduction To C++

C++ is a general-purpose programming language that was developed as an enhancement of the C language to include object-oriented paradigm. It is an imperative and a compiled language. 

C++ is a middle-level language rendering it the advantage of programming low-level (drivers, kernels) and even higher-level applications (games, GUI, desktop apps etc.). The basic syntax and code structure of both C and C++ are the same. 

C++ programming language was developed in 1980 by Bjarne Stroustrup at bell laboratories of AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), located in U.S.A. Bjarne Stroustrup is known as the founder of C++ language.

C++ Class Templates in C++  - Hackerrank Solution

Objective

A class template provides a specification for generating classes based on parameters. Class templates are generally used to implement containers. A class template is instantiated by passing a given set of types to it as template arguments. Here is an example of a class, MyTemplate, that can store one element of any type and that has just one member function divideBy2, which divides its value by 2.

It is also possible to define a different implementation of a template for a specific type. This is called Template Specialization. For the template given above, we find that a different implementation for type char will be more useful, so we write a function printElement to print the char element:
You are given a main() function which takes a set of inputs. The type of input governs the kind of operation to be performed, i.e. concatenation for strings and addition for int or float. You need to write the class template AddElements which has a function add() for giving the sum of int or float elements. You also need to write a template specialization for the type string with a function concatenate() to concatenate the second string to the first string.

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Input Format :

The first line contains an integer n. Input will consist of n+1 lines where n is the number given in the first line of the input followed by n lines.
Each of the next n line contains the type of the elements provided and depending on the type, either two strings or two integers or two floating point numbers will be given. The type will be one of int, float or string types only. Out of the following two elements, you have to concatenate or add the second element to the first element.

Constraints :

• 1 <= n <= 5*10^5
• 1.0 <= value float <= 10.0, where value float is any float value.
• 1 <= value int <= 10^5, where value int is any int value.
• 0 <= len string <= 10, where len string is the length of any string.

The time limit for this challenge is 4 seconds.

Output Format :

The code provided in the code editor will use your class template to add/append elements and give the output.

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Sample Input :

3
string John Doe
int 1 2
float 4.0 1.5

Sample Output :

JohnDoe
3
5.5

Explanation :

“Doe” when appended with “John” gives “JohnDoe”. 2 added to 1 gives 3, and 1.5 added to 4.0 gives 5.5.

C++ Class Templates in C++ – Hacker Rank Solution

#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;

/* C++ Class Templates in C++ - Hacker Rank Solution START */
// class template:
template <class T>
class AddElements {
    T element;
  public:
    AddElements (T arg) {element=arg;}
    T add (T x) {return x+element;}
};

// class template specialization:
template <>
class AddElements <string> {
    string element;
  public:
    AddElements (string arg) {element=arg;}
    string concatenate (string arg)
    {
      string s = element+arg;
      return s;
    }
};
/* C++ Class Templates in C++ - Hacker Rank Solution END */

int main () {
  int n,i;
  cin >> n;
  for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
    string type;
    cin >> type;
    if(type=="float") {
        double element1,element2;
        cin >> element1 >> element2;
        AddElements<double> myfloat (element1);
        cout << myfloat.add(element2) << endl;
    }
    else if(type == "int") {
        int element1, element2;
        cin >> element1 >> element2;
        AddElements<int> myint (element1);
        cout << myint.add(element2) << endl;
    }
    else if(type == "string") {
        string element1, element2;
        cin >> element1 >> element2;
        AddElements<string> mystring (element1);
        cout << mystring.concatenate(element2) << endl;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}