Symmetric Cryptography Coursera Quiz Answers 2022 | All Weeks Assessment Answers [💯Correct Answer]

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Here, you will find Symmetric Cryptography Exam Answers in Bold Color which are given below.

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About Symmetric Cryptography Course

Hello, and welcome to Symmetric Cryptography!

Symmetric cryptography uses a shared secret key to keep messages private, so that attackers who don’t have the key can’t read them. The course talks about substitution and transposition, which were the foundations of classical cryptography when the message was encoded in natural language like English. Then, we build on product cyphers (which use both substitution and transposition/permutation) to talk about modern block cyphers and go over the algorithms used in DES, 3-DES, and AES, which are the most common ones. Lastly, we add different modes of block cipher operations in ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB, and CTR modes to allow block ciphers to work with data of different lengths.

This course is part of both the Applied Cryptography specialization and the Introduction to Applied Cryptography specialization, so it is listed in both.

This course is part of a few different plans.
This course can be used for more than one Specialization or Professional Certificate. If you finish this course, it will help you learn in any of the following programs:

• Introduction to the Specialization in Applied Cryptography
• Specialization in Applied Cryptography

Course Apply Link – Symmetric Cryptography

Symmetric Cryptography Quiz Answers

Week 1 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: Caesar Cipher Quiz Answers

Q1. You agreed to use a Caesar cipher with a key of k=5 with a friend. While sitting in a group, the friend hands you over a message that says “QNGWFWD”. Decrypt the message.

library

Q2. Suppose you actually forgot the key. How many decryption computations of the cipher text “QNGWFWD” do you need to perform to reach to the plaintext? (Consider the worst case.)

26

Q3. Your friend proposes an update in the key and suggests a new key, k=523. How many cyclic shifts do you need to perform using the new key? You want to minimize the number of cyclic shifts on the letters.

3

Quiz 2: Modulo Operation and Caesar Cipher Quiz Answers

Q1. Let’s use a modified Caesar Cipher where c = (p+2x) mod 26, where c and p are the ciphertext and the plaintext, respectively, and x is the key. How many distinct keys, producing distinct encryption/decryption transformations, are there now?

13

Q2. For c = (p+2x) mod 26, where c, p, and x are the ciphertext, the plaintext, and the key, respectively, what is the corresponding decryption? Select all that works.

• p = (c-x) mod 26
• p = (c-x) mod 13
• p = (c+26-2x) mod 26
• p = (c-2x) mod 13
• p = (c-2x) mod 26

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Q3. Let’s now use a modified Caesar Cipher where c = (p+3x) mod 26, where c and p are the ciphertext and the plaintext, respectively, and x is the key. How many distinct keys, producing distinct encryption/decryption transformations, are there now?

26

Quiz 3: Vigenere Cipher Quiz Answers

Q1. Let’s use Vigenere Cipher to encrypt English text, ignoring capitalization and other symbols beyond English alphabets. The key is of length 1 and of value “Y” or 24, i.e., the key is “Y”. Which of the following statements is false?

• The cipher can be expressed as c = (p+24) mod 26, where c is each ciphertext letter and p is each plaintext letter.
• The cipher can be expressed as c = (p-2) mod 26, where c is each ciphertext letter and p is each plaintext letter.
• The cipher is equivalent to a Caesar Cipher.
• The cipher is equivalent to the Vigenere cipher using a key of length 3 and of value “YYY”.
• This cipher transforms a plaintext alphabet to distinct ciphertext alphabets with long enough plaintext inputs.

Q2. Vigenere cipher is used with a key “XO”. What is the ciphertext corresponding to the plaintext, DRAGON?

AFXULB

Q3. Vigenere cipher is used with a key “XO” to encrypt a long English book, comprised of English alphabet letters and ignoring capitalization and other symbols. The key length is fixed, i.e., the key is 2 alphabets long. What is the number of possible distinct keys?

676

Q4. Vigenere cipher is used with a key “XO” to encrypt a long English book. You order the letters appearing in the encrypted book in the decreasing order of frequency (i.e., from the most frequently appearing to the least frequently appearing), and the result is: RGZNFIBJWPESCXHTMYAUOLDKVQ. Which ciphertext letters correspond to the plaintext letter E (which is the most frequent letter in the plaintext)? Apply all those that apply.

• A
• G
• Y
• R
• E
• T
• Z

Week 2 Quiz Answers

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Quiz 1: Rail Fence Cipher and Permutation Cipher

Q1. The Rail Fence cipher uses 4 rows/rails (the example in the lecture used 3). What is the ciphertext (the outcome of the rail fence cipher) for MEETMELATER?

MLEEAEMTRTE

Q2. A Permutation Cipher has a key length of 5, e.g., one key can be [3 2 1 4 5]. How many possible keys are there?

120

Q3. The plaintext MEETMELATER gets processed by a Permutation Cipher (with a key of [2 3 5 4 1] and no padding with extra letters. What is the corresponding ciphertext?

MEMERELTTEA

Q4. The plaintext MEETMELATER gets processed by a Permutation Cipher (with a key of [2 3 5 4 1] and with padding using the letter “z” (Alice and Bob agree to use the letter z for padding). What is the corresponding ciphertext?

MEZMERELZTTZEAZ

Quiz 2: Product Cipher Quiz Answers

Q1. The plaintext MEETMELATER gets processed by a product cipher, comprised of Caesar Cipher (with a key of 23) and Permutation Cipher (with a key of [5 3 1 4 2] and no padding with extra letters). What is the corresponding ciphertext?

BXJBBIQQJB0

Q2. The same product cipher in the previous question, comprised of Caesar Cipher and Permutation Cipher (with a key of length 5), is again used but with different keys. Given a plaintext, how many distinct ciphertexts can there be?

3120

Q3. The same product cipher in the previous question, comprised of Caesar Cipher and Permutation Cipher (with a key of length 5), is used to encrypt a long English book (ignoring capitalization and other symbols beyond English letters). Your friend makes the following claims. Select all those that are correct.

• “The letter-pair/digram AX appeared the most in the ciphertext, so they must be TH. In other words, A is mapped from the letter T, and X is mapped from H.”
• “Letter Z appeared the most in the ciphertext, so it must be mapped from the latter E.
• “The ordering between the Caesar and the Permutation does not matter within the product cipher, so we can decrypt it in any order.”
• “If we replace the Caesar Cipher with a Monoalphabetic Cipher, then it becomes harder to crack by an attacker (who does not know the key).”
• “If we another Caesar Cipher encryption in the product cipher (so that there are two Caesar Cipher operations and a Permutation Cipher operation), then it becomes harder to crack by an attacker (who does not know the key).

Week 3 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: Ideal Block Cipher Quiz Answers

Q1. You are given a stream cipher and a block cipher with a block size of 64 bits. The data input is 32 bits. How many bits do you need to pad before processing the data input using a stream cipher?

0

Q2. The block cipher supports input/output of 64 bits. Which of the following is true about the key storage requirement?

• You need hundred million to one billion 1TB-hard-drives to store the key, where TB stands for Terabytes.
• You need more than one billion 1TB-hard-drives to store the key, where TB stands for Terabytes.
• You need ten to hundred million 1TB-hard-drives to store the key, where TB stands for Terabytes.
• You need less than ten million 1TB-hard-drives to store the key, where TB stands for Terabytes.

Q3. A block cipher takes a 3-bit plaintext and outputs a 3-bit ciphertext. If the cipher is an ideal block cipher, how many reversible transformations (keys) can it have?

40320

Quiz 2: DES Quiz Answers

Q1. True or False: DES is an ideal block cipher.

• True
• False

Q2. True or False: DES displaying Avalanche Effect is a limitation because it describes that an error occurring in one of the rounds propagate through the rest of the rounds.

• True
• False

Q3. An attacker is equipped with a computer that performs 10 trillion (10^13) DES decryptions per second, what is the average time required, in hours, for a brute force attacker to break DES?

1

Q4. Which of the followings are true about Feistel Cipher? Select all that applies.

• Feistel Cipher requires smaller key than ideal block cipher.
• The subkeys used in the Feistel Cipher rounds are independent to each other.
• Feistel Cipher is a product cipher.
• Feistel Cipher processes the data in halves.
• Feistel Cipher competed with DES and got outdated after the wide use of DES.
• Feistel Cipher requires different encryption and decryption implementations in hardware and software.

Week 4 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: 3-DES and 4-DES Quiz Answers

Q1. Triple-DES or 3-DES encryption can be characterized by the following: C=Enc(K3,Dec(K2,Enc(K1,P))). Each keys, K1, K2, K3 are 56-bits-long and are independent to each other (the three-key version). The DES block size is 64 bits.

Using the big O notation, which of the following best describe the meet-in-the-middle attacker’s storage requirement?

• O(2^56)
• O(2^112)
• O(168)
• O(2^168)

Q2. Triple-DES or 3-DES encryption can be characterized by the following: C=Enc(K3,Dec(K2,Enc(K1,P))). Each keys, K1, K2, K3 are 56-bits-long and are independent to each other (the three-key version). The DES block size is 64 bits.

Using the big O notation, which of the following best describe the meet-in-the-middle attacker’s encryption/decryption computational effort?

• O(2^168)
• O(2^128)
• O(2^56)
• O(2^28)
• O(2^112)

Q3. Triple-DES or 3-DES encryption can be characterized by the following: C=Enc(K3,Dec(K2,Enc(K1,P))). Each keys, K1, K2, K3 are 56-bits-long and are independent to each other (the three-key version). The DES block size is 64 bits.

The attacker now does not have known plaintext-ciphertext pair that it can use for her cryptanalysis. Using the big O notation, which of the following best describe the attacker’s encryption/decryption computational effort?

• O(2^56)
• O(2^112)
• O(2^168)
• O(2^128)

Q4. Quadruple-DES or 4-DES encryption can be characterized by the following: C=Enc(K4,Enc(K3,Enc(K2,Enc(K1,P)))). Each keys, K1, K2, K3, K4, are 56-bits-long and are independent to each other. The DES block size is 64 bits.
Using the big O notation, which of the following best describe the meet-in-the-middle attacker’s storage requirement?

• O(64*2^56)
• O(2^224)
• O(2^112)
• O(2^128)
• O(2^56)

Q5. Quadruple-DES or 4-DES encryption can be characterized by the following: C=Enc(K4,Enc(K3,Enc(K2,Enc(K1,P)))). Each keys, K1, K2, K3, K4, are 56-bits-long and are independent to each other. The DES block size is 64 bits.

Using the big O notation, which of the following best describe the meet-in-the-middle attacker’s encryption/decryption computational effort?

• O(2^224)
• O(2^128)
• O(2^58)
• O(2^112)
• O(2^56)

Q6. Quadruple-DES or 4-DES encryption can be characterized by the following: C=Enc(K4,Enc(K3,Enc(K2,Enc(K1,P)))). Each keys, K1, K2, K3, K4, are 56-bits-long and are independent to each other. The DES block size is 64 bits.

The attacker now does not have known plaintext-ciphertext pair that it can use for her cryptanalysis. Using the big O notation, which of the following best describe the attacker’s encryption/decryption computational effort?

• O(2^224)
• O(2^56)
• O(2^58)
• O(2^128)
• O(2^112)

Quiz 2: AES Quiz Answers

Q1. What is the block size for AES in Bytes?

16

Q2. Which of the following key lengths does AES support? Select all that applies.

• 256 bits
• 64 bits
• 128 bits
• 56 bits
• 228 bits
• 192 bits

Q3. Which of the followings correspond to transposition only (no substitution)?

• MixColumns
• SubBytes
• AddRoundKey
• ShiftRows

Q4. Which of the followings use the key?

• AddRoundKey
• MixColumns
• ShiftRows
• SubBytes

Q5. Which of the followings are true about AES? Select all that applies.

• The number of rounds depends on the key length.
• AES involves both substitution and transposition.
• The same algorithms for encryption (SubBytes, MixColumns) are also used for decryption.
• AES is based on Feistel Cipher.
• AES algorithm is only known to NIST, which standardized AES.

Week 5 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: Block Cipher Operation Modes

Q1. Which of the following describes the 2nd block encryption output of CBC mode (C2). The followings are given: E (an encryption cipher function), K (the key). C1 (the cipher output from the 1st block encryption), P2 (the plaintext for the 2nd block), and XOR (and exclusive-or function). For example, XOR(x,y) indicate the bit-by-bit XOR between the two bit vectors x and y, and E(K,P2) is the encryption output when using the key K and the plaintext P2.

• C2 = XOR(P2,E(K,XOR(C1,P1)))
• C2 = XOR(P1,E(K,XOR(C1,P1)))
• C2 = E(K,XOR(C1,P1))
• C2 = XOR(E(C1),K)
• C2 = XOR(P2,E(K,XOR(C1,P2)))
• C2 = E(K,XOR(C1,P2))

Q2. Which of the following operation modes do not require padding (if the data does not fill the block)? Check all that applies.

• OFB
• CBC
• CTR
• ECB
• CFB

Q3. Which of the followings describe the 2nd block encryption output (C2) of OFB mode? The followings are given: E (an encryption cipher function), K (the key). C1 (the cipher output from the 1st block encryption), P2 (the plaintext for the 2nd block), P1 (the plaintext for the 1st block), and XOR (and exclusive-or function). For example, XOR(x,y) indicate the bit-by-bit XOR between the two bit vectors x and y, and E(K,P1) is the encryption output when using the key K and the plaintext P1.

• C2 = XOR(P2,E(K,XOR(C1,P1)))
• C2 = XOR(P2,E(K,XOR(C1,P2)))
• C2 = E(K,XOR(C1,P2))
• C2 = XOR(E(C1),K)
• C2 = XOR(P1,E(K,XOR(C1,P1)))
• C2 = E(K,XOR(C1,P1))

Q4. Suppose a small, low-power device experiences that a real-time computation of the encryption/decryption function is burdensome (e.g., serving as the bottleneck of the performance) and wants to compute the encryption/decryption functions offline (e.g., computed before the plaintext/ciphertext). Which of the following block cipher operation modes support such feature? Check all that applies.

• CBC
• OFB
• CTR
• CFB

Q5. You are given a block cipher with a block size of 64 bits. Given a data input of 32 bits, how many bits do you need to pad if the using the ECB operation mode?

32

Q6. You are given a block cipher with a block size of 64 bits. Given a data input of 32 bits, how many bits do you need to pad if the using the CFB operation mode?

0

Q7. Alice and Bob is not synchronized in time, and their clock frequency is different. Which of the block cipher operation modes would be affected by such lack of synchronization? Check all that applies.

• CTR
• OFB
• CBC
• CFB
• ECB

Q8. Suppose Pi indicates the plaintext input for the block cipher i from the sender’s perspective, e.g., P2 is the plaintext input for the 2nd block cipher, and Ci is the ciphertext input for the block cipher i from the receiver’s perspective. (If there were no errors, Ci is also the ciphertext output of the block cipher i from the sender.) Which of the following scenarios causing errors affect C3 (and cause error in C3)? Select all that applies.

• Error occurs on C2 for CTR Mode.
• Error occurs on C1 for CBC Mode.
• Error occurs on C2 for OFB Mode.
• Error occurs on P2 for CFB Mode.
• Error occurs on C2 for ECB Mode.
• Error occurs on P1 for CBC Mode.
• Error occurs on C2 for CFB Mode.

Conclusion

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